Table of Contents For
The Power of Ultrasonics

Magneto-strictive unit
Piezo-electric unit

Cooling Scaler Tips

Cavitation
Aerosol
Antimicrobial liquid coolant

Effects of Professional Supra- and Subgingival Debridement

Clinical effects of manual instruments versus mechanical scalers
Removal of plaque (biofilm)
Effect on the composition of the microflora
Removal of calculus
Removal of endotoxins and root cementum
Is the apical part of the pocket reached?
Access to furcations
Patient acceptance
Effectiveness

Effects of Mechanical Scalers on the Tooth and Surrounding Tissues

Effect on the enamel
Changes of the root surface
Effect on the pulpal tissue
Effect on the periodontal tissues

Possible Side Effects of Mechanical Scalers

Effect on restorative materials
Incidence of a bacteremia
Effect on operators' hands
Effect on the hearing of operator/patient

Contraindications

Correct Application of Ultrasonic Instruments

The tip
Adjustment of ultrasonic units
Power adjustment
Technique

Systematic Treatment with Mechanical Scalers

For a periodontal patient
Maintenance care/gingivitis treatment
Instrumentation

New Developments

Dental Applications Outside Periodontal Therapy

Enhanced setting of glass-ionomer cement
Ultrasound endodontics

Conclusion

References/Suggested Reading

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